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 A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
president of India

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, in complete Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, (born October 15, 1931, Rameswaram, India—died July 27, 2015, Shillong), Indian scientist and baby-kisser who performed a main position withinside the improvement of India’s missile and nuclear guns programs. He become president of India from 2002 to 2007.

Kalam earned a diploma in aeronautical engineering from the Madras Institute of Technology and in 1958 joined the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). In 1969 he moved to the Indian Space Research Organisation, in which he turned into assignment director of the SLV-III, the primary satellite tv for pc release automobile that turned into each designed and produced in India. Rejoining DRDO in 1982, Kalam deliberate this system that produced some of a success missiles, which helped earn him the nickname “Missile Man.” Among the ones successes turned into Agni, India’s first intermediate-variety ballistic missile, which integrated components of .

From 1992 to 1997 Kalam became clinical adviser to the protection minister, and he later served as primary clinical adviser (1999–2001) to the authorities with the rank of cupboard minister. His outstanding position withinside the country’s 1998 nuclear guns assessments solidified India as a nuclear electricity and mounted Kalam as a country wide hero, despite the fact that the assessments induced first-rate challenge withinside the worldwide community. In 1998 Kalam recommend a national plan referred to as Technology Vision 2020, which he defined as a avenue map for remodeling India from a less-evolved to a evolved society in 20 years. The plan referred to as for, amongst different measures, growing agricultural productivity, emphasizing generation as a car for financial growth, and widening get right of entry .

In 2002 India’s ruling National Democratic Alliance (NDA) recommend Kalam to be successful outgoing President Kocheril Raman Narayanan. Kalam became nominated through the Hindu nationalist (Hindutva) NDA despite the fact that he became Muslim, and his stature and famous attraction have been such that even the principle competition party, the Indian National Congress, additionally proposed his candidacy. Kalam without difficulty received the election and became sworn in as India’s eleventh president, a in large part ceremonial post, in July 2002. He left workplace on the cease of his time period in 2007 and became succeeded through .